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2016年5月18日 讯 /生物谷BIOON/ --育龄女性癌症患者在进行放疗和靶向作用卵母细胞DNA损伤反应的化疗期间，，通常会选择保护她们的生育能力；近日，刊登在国际杂志Trends in Cancer上的一篇研究报告中，来自德州大学安德森癌症中心的研究人员通过研究开发了一种新型方法，该方法在治疗患癌女性个体过程中可以阻断细胞凋亡效应来保护女性机体的生育能力。

研究者Bolcun-Filas表示，如今对我们而言，最大的好消息就是有越来越多的年龄女性可以免于癌症死亡，这间接反应了更高效癌症疗法在当今社会的出现；但是很多癌症疗法都会增加女性卵巢功能不全及不孕的风险；同时辅助生育技术可以帮助治疗不育，但其通常并不能保护女性机体卵巢的天然功能，卵巢的天然功能对于女性的生殖健康而言非常重要。

很多癌症疗法都会引发细胞DNA损伤，不仅会对癌细胞产生影响，还会影响机体的正常组织，比如卵巢等，机体对损伤的自然反应被认为可以通过细胞凋亡或程序性细胞死亡的方式来有效清除损伤的卵母细胞；近来对小鼠的研究结果表明，靶向作用参与细胞凋亡的特殊蛋白或可保护机体卵母细胞。并且抑制暴露于辐射状态下的女性出现不育现象。

这项研究中，研究人员回顾了大量相关研究，他们揭示了癌症疗法如何诱导卵母细胞发生细胞凋亡性死亡，同时相关研究也可以帮助科学家们设计更好的保护性疗法；最后研究者表示，更好地理解卵母细胞对辐射及抗癌药物的反应或可帮助我们揭开新型靶点，以便后期开发特异性的疗法来抑制患癌女性机体的卵巢功能衰竭。（生物谷Bioon.com）

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doi:10.1016/j.trecan.2016.03.006
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Prolonging Reproductive Life after Cancer: The Need for Fertoprotective Therapies

Terri L. Woodard, Ewelina Bolcun-Filas

The survival rate of reproductive-age patients with cancer is increasing, reflecting the advent of better and more efficient therapies. Cancer survivors seek the resumption of a normal and healthy life, which often includes starting a family. Unfortunately, many cancer treatments increase the risk of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and infertility. Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) can address infertility, but fail to preserve the natural function of the ovaries as a source of hormones that regulate many aspects of women's health. The advancement of fertoprotective technologies is hindered by our lack of understanding of oocyte biology and their sensitivity to cancer therapies. Because many cancer treatments cause DNA damage, apoptosis is thought to be the major mechanism eliminating damaged oocytes. Indeed, recent studies in mice demonstrate that targeting proteins involved in apoptosis protects oocytes and prevents infertility in females exposed to radiation. Therefore, a better appreciation of oocyte response to radiation and anticancer drugs will uncover new targets for the development of specialized therapies to prevent ovarian failure. We make a case here for the necessity of such fertoprotective treatments. We review recent findings that have significantly advanced our understanding of how cancer therapies induce apoptotic death in oocytes, and how we could use this knowledge to design better fertoprotective treatments.